Replication Materials for: 
Kollberg, M. (2024): “The Challenger Advantage – How Challenger Parties disrupt Mainstream Party Dominance in the European Parliament” Journal of European Public PolicyThis folder of replication files consists of four elements:
1. Scripts: contains R-scripts necessary to replicate the analysis2. NLP-Model: contains the respective text-as-data-models as re-creating them is computationally demanding and time-intensive3. Data: Contains the dataset as well as several intermediate data objects4. Figures & Tables: Empty. Produced Figures and Tables are to be saved in these. Overview of Scripts: 
Script 1: Trains the local Word Embeddings and Produces the respective Estimates
This is mostly the replication code of Rice and Zorn (2019)Script 2: Produces the debate-topic controls
This mostly uses code from the Eshima et al. (2024) vignetteScript 3: Produces EP-Opposition control variableThis merges Votewatch Data with the CorpusScript 4: Produces the National-Opposition control variable based on ParlGovScript 5: Produces the descriptives (such as the u-curves, time trends etc.)Script 6: Produces the analysis of patterns in Anti-Establishment RhetoricScript 7: Produces the analysis of patterns in Issue-EmphasisScript 8: Produces the analysis of changes in Issue-emphasis based on salienceScript 9: Produces the analysis of changes in Issue-emphasis based on salience (continued)Script 10: Produces the analysis of leads and lags in issue salienceScript 11: Produces “RDD-like” changes in party strategiesIf you are interested in using the textual corpus for other analyses of party behavior in the EP, please bear in mind the limitations of the dataset described in the supplementary materials. Please do not hesitate to contact the author should you have any further questions. 